WWPC1000 low level programming and debugging
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Here you can find how to setup a GNU/Linux based developing environment for the WWPC1000.
Downloading the toolchain
You can get the toolchain at:
- My site at EnneEnne.
Just download the tarball and install it with:
giometti@zaigor:~$ cd / giometti@zaigor:/$ tar xvfz tarball.tgz
the software will be installed into /usr/local/mipsel/ directory.
Managing the boot loader
In this section you can find several information about u-boot which is the WWPC's bootloader.
Downloading the code
You can get u-boot sources at:
- My site at EnneEnne.
To get the code you need to give the command:
git clone git://git.enneenne.com/u-boot-wwpc1000
of course you need the GIT tools installed on your system.
Compiling the source
To compile the u-boot source you must go into directory u-boot-wwpc1000 and give the commands:
~/u-boot-wwpc1000$ make wwpc1000_config Configuring for wwpc1000 board... ~/u-boot-wwpc1000$ make
The compilation process should start. You'll end up with 4 new files:
-
u-boot.binthe binary image (use this file to program the flash). -
u-bootthe ELF image. -
u-boot.srecthe SREC image. -
u-boot.mapthe MAP file (useful to know where u-boot's symbols are mapped).
Please, note that if you have a WWPC1000 version 0.9 you must manually edit the file include/config.h and replace the line:
#define CONFIG_WWPC1000 100
with:
#define CONFIG_WWPC1000 90
The standard environment
Here are explained some environment variables that are used by u-boot to perform some useful commands. You may modify them as you wish in order to fit your system configuration.
After rebooting the WWPC on the serial line you can see the message:
U-Boot 1.1.4-gb65996ec-dirty (May 18 2006 - 14:45:50) DRAM: 64 MB Flash: 64 MB In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Net: Au1X00 ethernet Autobooting in 1 second or enter password to stop.
if you press the sequence 12 you'll get the command prompt wwpc1000> and you can start suppling your commands (plese refere to the u-boot documentation for a detailed commands explanation).
The WWPC factory environment is:
bootargs=wwpc=uc-on console=tty0 loglevel=0 bootcmd=usb start ; if fatload usb 0:1 $rambuff $bootfile ; then run usbargs ; b ootm $rambuff; else if iminfo $linuxaddr ; then run flashargs ; bootm $linuxaddr ; else go $winceaddr ; fi ; fi nfsboot=run nfsargs ; tftp $rambuff $tftppath/$bootfile ; bootm $rambuff bootdelay=1 baudrate=115200 ethaddr=00:11:22:33:44:55 ipaddr=192.168.32.24 serverip=192.168.32.254 rootpath=/exports/nfsroot netmask=255.255.255.0 hostname=wwpc1000 bootfile=wwpc1000.uImage loadaddr=0xBFC80000 ubootaddr=0xBFC00000 linuxaddr=0xBFC80000 winceaddr=0xBC000000 sectorsize=0x40000 rambuff=0x81000000 netdev=eth0 tftppath=tftproot ubootfile=wwpc1000.u-boot.bin eraseenv=prot off $ubootenv +$sectorsize && erase $ubootenv +$sectorsize updateuboot=usb start ; if fatload usb 0:1 $rambuff $ubootfile ; then run flashu boot ; else if tftp $rambuff $tftppath/$ubootfile ; then run flashuboot ; fi ; f i flashuboot=prot off $ubootaddr +$sectorsize && erase $ubootaddr +$sectorsize && cp.b $rambuff $ubootaddr $filesize && prot on $ubootaddr +$sectorsize ; echo now reset the board nfsargs=setenv bootargs $bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=$serverip:$rootpath i p=$ipaddr:$serverip:$gatewayip:$netmask:$hostname:$netdev:off usbargs=setenv bootargs $bootargs mtdparts=WWPC-Flash:- root=/dev/sda2 rw rootde lay=5 flashargs=setenv bootargs $bootargs root=/dev/mtdblock0 rootfstype=jffs2 rw ethact=Au1X00 ethernet
You can modify it by using the setenv command and you can restore it to the factory default buy using the command
run eraseenv
then you need reboot the board to take effect.
If you wish using WWPC as developing system I suggest you modify the variable tftppath in order to make it points to your TFTP server root path:
setenv tftppath mipsel/boards/wwpc1000/boot
and variable rootpath in order to make it points to your NFS server root directory:
setenv rootpath /home/develop/embedded/mipsel/distro/debian
If you wish using TFTP boot you should also change variable bootcmd as follow:
setenv bootcmd run nfsboot
in order to force TFTP boot at every reboot.
In the end, if you wish using the serial console, you have to use:
setenv bootargs wwpc=uc-off console=uart,au,0x11100000,115200
Note that in this mode you cannot use the devices related to the internal microcontrollers like the on board keyboard, the backlight management atc..
Once you have finished save the new environment with the command
saveenv
and reboot the system.
Programming a new image into flash
To (re)program a new u-boot image into WWPC's flash memory you can use u-boot itself.
Once you have recompiled the source you should move file u-boot.bin into your tftp root directory or into the first partition (formatted as VFAT) of an USB stick and renaming it as "wwpc1000.u-boot.bin", then use the command on the u-boot console:
run updateuboot
The system will first try to load the file "wwpc1000.u-boot.bin" from the USB stick and, if nothing is found, it will try to download it from the TFTP server (in this case verify that variable "tftppath" is well configured).
If you don't like writing your flash with an automated script you may use, for USB load, the seuqence:
usb start fatload usb 0:1 $rambuff $ubootfile
for TFTP load:
tftp $rambuff $tftppath/$ubootfile
then to erase the u-boot flash sector use:
prot off $ubootaddr +$sectorsize erase $ubootaddr +$sectorsize
and then reprogram the flash and protect it again use:
cp.b $rambuff $ubootaddr $filesize prot on $ubootaddr +$sectorsize
Done! Now you can safely reboot the board.
If something goes wrong during the erasing/reprogramming flash stage you are in a trouble!
First of all do not reset the board but try to erase again the flash and reprogram it insted. If your WWPC still refuses to collaborate you need a JTAG to reprogram the flash (see section Downloading a new u-boot image).
Booting options
The WWPC by default boots from the internal flash memory but, as anticipated above, it's possible to boot from several devices. Here you can find some useful hints expecially if you wish using the WWPC as developing board.
Booting from flash
Here you have nothing special to do, just turn on your WWPC and wait! :)
This booting method can work when flash memory is at its default, if you start playing with WWPC's flash this method may fail and then you have to use one of the following alternative methods.
In any case you can force this method by using the commands:
run flashargs bootm $linuxaddr
Booting from USB stick
You can boot a special GNU/Linux system by using an USB stick. This method is useful if you wish reprogram several WWPC boards in automatic manner.
In order to work this method requires som setting up steps on the USB stick.
First of all you have to make two partitions on the USB stick. You may use the command "fdisk" on a host system as follow:
giometti@gundam:~$ fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help):
I suppose your USB stick is mapped into device "/dev/sda" and that you have all necessary permissions on it.
Then clean all preexisting partitions by using the "d" command and make two new partitions as follows:
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-666, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-666, default 666): +16M Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (88-666, default 88): Using default value 88 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (88-666, default 666): Using default value 666 Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): d Changed system type of partition 1 to d (Unknown) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 6 heads, 63 sectors, 666 cylinders Units = cylinders of 378 * 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 87 16411+ d Unknown /dev/sda2 88 666 109431 83 Linux
Note that the first partition is "VFAT" and 16M bytes long, the second one is "Linux" and is long at least 32MB.
Now we can save the partition table with the "w" command and then we can start to format the two new partitions:
giometti@gundam:~$ mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1 mkfs.vfat 2.10 (22 Sep 2003) giometti@gundam:~$ mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda2 mke2fs 1.39-WIP (10-Dec-2005) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 27440 inodes, 109428 blocks 5471 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 14 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 1960 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
Now we have to copy a kernel image into the first partition (see Compiling the source to know how to get a new kernel image) and we have to put a new rootfs into the second partition (see Creating a minimal rootfs)
Booting from TFTP server
As last resource and expecially for developing stages you can use a TFTP boot sequence to load your preferred GNU/Linux distribution.
To force this method, as already described above, you need a serial console connected with thw WWPC and use it to stop the booting sequence with the boot password. After that just run:
run nfsboot
In order to work this method needs that both "rootpath" and "tftppath" variable as correctly set up and that your developing system is set up and running (see Setting up a developing environment).
Managing the kernel
In this section you can find several information about Linux which is the WWPC's kernel.
Downloading the code
You can get linux sources at:
- My site at EnneEnne.
To get the code you need to give the command:
git clone git://git.enneenne.com/linux-wwpc1000
of course you need the GIT tools installed on your system.
Compiling the source
To compile the Linux source you must go into directory linux-wwpc1000 and give the commands:
~/linux-wwpc1000$ make wwpc1000_defconfig ~/linux-wwpc1000$ make
The compilation process should start. You'll end up with 3 new files:
-
uImagethe binary image suitable for u-boot (use this file to program the flash). -
vmlinuxthe ELF image suitable for the JTAG. -
System.mapthe Linux symbols map useful for a simple debug.
Doing a custom kernel configuration
TODO
Programming a new Linux image
Once we have our new Linux image we can proceed to put it on the flash. First of all start your preferred GNU/Linux distribution on the WWPC and after the boot is finished check for device /dev/mtd2:
# ls -l /dev/mtd2 crw-r--r-- 1 root root 90, 4 Aug 8 2005 /dev/mtd2
Then verify that the MTD support is enabled on the system:
# cat /proc/mtd dev: size erasesize name mtd0: 03c00000 00040000 "rootfs" mtd1: 00080000 00040000 "u-boot" mtd2: 00200000 00040000 "kernel" mtd3: 00180000 00040000 "data"
Now you should made the file uImage accesible by the WWPC (using your prefereed method: FTP, NFS, etc.) and then erase the "kernel" partition by using the command:
# flash_erase /dev/mtd2 0 8
where 8 is computed as 0x00200000/0x00040000 = 8.
Then just copy the Linux image on the erased partition (we suppose the file uImage has been put into /opt directory):
# cp /opt/uImage /dev/mtd2
Managing the rootfs
In this section you can find several information about how to create a roofs using _geek which is a custom GNU/Linux distribution.
Downloading the code
Eurotech's WWPC uses a custom distribution and you can get it at:
- My site at EnneEnne.
TO BE CONTINUED...
Creating a minimal rootfs
To create a minimal rootfs in order to put it on the flash you can use several embedded distibution. However, as example, we'll use the standard WWPC1000's distribution to create a very minimal rootfs by using the following commands:
~/wwpc/rootfs$ sudo _gpkg -i ~/_geek/packages/base-0.70.0-all-all.geek _gpkg: installing "~/_geek/packages/base-0.62.0-all-all.geek"... _gpkg: mmm... directory "~/wwpc/rootfs" doesn't seem to be a root dir... _gpkg: are you sure you __really__ want to install this _gpkg: package here? [y/N]: y _gpkg: running "postinst" script... done. _gpkg: done. ~/wwpc/rootfs$ sudo _gpkg -i ~/_geek/packages/libbase-0.80.0-mipsel-au1100.geek _gpkg: installing "~/_geek/packages/libbase-0.80.0-mipsel-au1100.geek"... _gpkg: running "postinst" script... done. _gpkg: done. ~/wwpc/rootfs$ sudo _gpkg -i ~/_geek/packages/busybox-0.80.0-mipsel-au1100.geek _gpkg: installing "~/_geek/packages/busybox-0.80.0-mipsel-au1100.geek"... _gpkg: running "postinst" script... done. _gpkg: done.
Please consider that _geek distribution is at very alpha release so it possible that the packages versions will vary quickly.
Once we have builded the rootfs we have to create the JFFS2 image to write on the flash:
~/wwpc/rootfs$ cd ..
~/wwpc$ mkfs.jffs2 -v -l -q -e 0x20000 -p -r rootfs/ -o rootfs.jffs2
...
/var
d 0755 0 0:0 lock
d 0755 0 0:0 log
d 0755 0 0:0 run
/var/lock
/var/log
/var/run
Compression mode: priority
Compressors:
none compr: 6 blocks (194) decompr: 0 blocks
zlib (prio:60) + compr: 648 blocks (1165576/2540740) decompr: 0 blocks
rtime (prio:50) + compr: 0 blocks (0/0) decompr: 0 blocks
lzo (prio:40) - compr: 0 blocks (0/0) decompr: 0 blocks
lzari (prio:30) - compr: 0 blocks (0/0) decompr: 0 blocks
Compression errors: 0
You'll end up with a new file called rootfs.jffs2.
Programming a new rootfs image
Once we have our new rootfs image we can proceed to put it on the flash. First of all start your preferred GNU/Linux distribution on the WWPC and after the boot is finished check for device /dev/mtd0:
# ls -l /dev/mtd0 crw-r--r-- 1 root root 90, 0 Aug 8 2005 /dev/mtd0
Then verify that the MTD support is enabled on the system:
# cat /proc/mtd dev: size erasesize name mtd0: 03c00000 00040000 "rootfs" mtd1: 00080000 00040000 "u-boot" mtd2: 00200000 00040000 "kernel" mtd3: 00180000 00040000 "data"
Now you should made the file rootfs.jffs2 accesible by the WWPC (using your prefereed method: FTP, NFS, etc.) and then erase the "rootfs" partition by using the command:
# flash_erase /dev/mtd0 0 240
where 240 is computed as 03c0000/0x00040000 = 240.
Then just copy the JFFS image on the erased partition (we suppose the file rootfs.jffs2 has been put into /opt directory):
# cp /opt/rootfs.jffs2 /dev/mtd0 # mount -t jffs2 /dev/mtdblock0 /mnt/ # ls /mnt/ bin boot dev etc home lib linuxrc mnt proc root sbin tmp usr var
Using a JTAG
In this section I'll show some steps in order to use a JTAG support with your WWPC.
Currently supported JTAG is:
- Lauterbach TRACE32
- OCDemon (only for flash programming and u-boot debugging)
Lauterbach TRACE32
Verify the JTAG/System connection
First of all you should follow the Lauterbach's instruction in order to install your TRACE32. After that you can verify that you can connect with the system by using the following commands:
RESET WINCLEAR DATA.LIST SYSTEM.CPU AU1100 SYSTEM.OPTION.RESBREAK OFF SYSTEM.UP
You should see that the system is stopped at location 0xbfc00000.
Setting up the JTAG environment
In order to load the TRACE32 toolkit with a proper environment for the WWPC you should add an init file to the TRACE32's system directory. Do the following steps:
~$ cat >> $T32SYS/t32.cmm LOCAL &file ENTRY &file if "&file"=="" ( GOTO l_end ) IF !OS.FILE(&file) ( GOTO l_error_fileexist ) DO &file GOTO l_end l_error_fileexist: PRINT "t32: init file &file doesn't exist" GOTO l_end l_end: ENDDO
In this manner your TRACE32 will automatically load a special configuration file if invoked with:
~$ t32mips <filename>
We provide two special configuration for the WWPC. One for debugging u-boot or just for reprogramming the flash and one for debugging Linux (see Lauterbach directory).
As example I report here contents of file u-boot.cmm but consider that this may vary:
; ; --- Reset ------------------------------------------------------------------- ; RESET WINCLEAR FLASH.RESET ; ; --- Setup the CPU ----------------------------------------------------------- ; SYSTEM.CPU AU1100 SYSTEM.OPTION.RESBREAK OFF SYSTEM.OPTION.UNPROTECT ON SYSTEM.UP TRONCHIP.USEWATCH ON MAP.BONCHIP 0xBE000000--0xBFFFFFFF ; ; --- Define flash ------------------------------------------------------------ ; FLASH.CREATE 1. 0xBE000000--0xBFFFFFFF 0x40000 AM29LV256 LONG print "WWPC/u-boot environment loaded"
Now, to load it into TRACE32, you should execute:
~$ cd wwpc ~/wwpc$ t32mips jtag/lauterbach/u-boot.cmm
If every works well you should see that your TRACE32 displays the string WWPC/u-boot environment loaded into its messages bar.
Managing u-boot
Debugging u-boot
To debug u-boot you should start TRACE32 with the command:
~/wwpc$ t32mips jtag/lauterbach/u-boot.cmm
If everything works well you can see the start location is 0xBFC00000 by using the data.list command.
Now you can load the bootloader symbols with command:
DATA.LOAD.ELF u-boot/u-boot-wwpc1000/u-boot /GNU /NOCODE
Now you can setup hardware or software breakpoints (use hardware ones if you wish block WWPC during execution of code into flash), run or stop the code ad you wish.
Please, note that u-boot, at some point relocate itself into RAM so the bootloader symbols, after this relocation, are not valid anymore. To resolve this problem you have to inform your JTAG to relocate the symbols with the command:
DATA.LOAD.ELF u-boot/u-boot-wwpc1000/u-boot /GNU /NOCODE /RELOC .text AT 0x83f94000
Downloading a new u-boot image
First of all you have to (re)compile a new u-boot image with debuggin support enabled. To do it verify that into file u-boot-wwpc1000/board/wwpc1000/config.mk you have:
~/u-boot-wwpc1000$ grep JTAG board/wwpc1000/config.mk # Enable EJTAG debugging support PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -DDEBUG_EJTAG
then you can use make to start compilation. During compilation stage verify that both -g
and -DDEBUG_JTAG are arguments of mipsel-linux-gcc command.
At the end you should get file u-boot.bin who can be downloaded into WWPC flash memory (please, note that you can program the flash memory from u-boot itself without using TRACE32, see section Programming a new image into flash).
To program the flash memory you should use the following procedure.
Setup the WWPC's static bus controller:
PER.S D:0xB4001008 %LONG 0x11E03F80 PER.S D:0xB4001004 %LONG 0x22080B20 PER.S D:0xB4001000 %LONG 0x00000003
Erase u-boot sector and put it into "program" mode:
FLASH.UNLOCK 0xBFC00000--0xBFC3FFFF FLASH.ERASE 0xBFC00000--0xBFC3FFFF FLASH.PROGRAM 0xBFC00000--0xBFC3FFFF
Then load the binary image:
DATA.LOAD.BINARY ~/u-boot-wwpc1000/u-boot.bin 0xBFC00000 /LONG
In the end lock the flash memory again:
FLASH.PROGRAM OFF FLASH.UNLOCK OFF
Bugged TRACE32
If after u-boot image flashing you get wrong code you may have a bugged TRACE32 version.
In order to know if this is your case you should use the command data.list 0xBFC00000 and look the first assembly codes. If you read into "mnemonic" field:
sd r0,0x10(r24)
instead of:
b 0xBFC00400
then your image has been endianess swapped by the buggy TRACE32! To resolve the problem use the utulity program er (see directory jtag/lauterbach/utils).
Just compile it:
~/jtag/lauterbach/utils$ make CFLAGS="-Wall -O2" er cc -Wall -O2 er.c -o er
and use it to endianess swap the u-boot image:
~/jtag/lauterbach/utils$ ./er < ../u-boot/u-boot-wwpc1000/u-boot.bin \
> ../u-boot/u-boot-wwpc1000/u-boot.bin.swapped
Now download the file u-boot.bin.swapped as above.
Managing Linux
Debugging Linux
First of all you have to (re)compile a new Linux image with debugging support enabled. To do it verify that into you kernel configuration file
.config you have:
~/linux-wwpc1000$ rgrep CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO .config CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y
Then you should recompile the code with command:
~/linux-wwpc1000$ make uImage
You'll end up with uImage which you should use as running kernel (how to use the current Linux image is depending on your developing technique, see section Setting up a developing environment) and with file ./arch/mips/boot/vmlinuz which is the ELF version.
Now you should start TRACE32 with the command:
~/wwpc$ t32mips jtag/lauterbach/linux.cmm
If everything works well you can see the start location is
0xBFC00000 by using the data.list command.
Now you can load the kernel symbols with command:
DATA.LOAD.ELF linux/linux-wwpc1000/vmlinux /GNU /NOCODE
and then set a break point to the kernel entry point:
BREAK.SET kernel_entry /ONCHIP
Now start the system and wait for the programmed break is reached. Then you can enable the MMU translation by usimg the commands:
MMU.FORMAT LINUX32 swapper_pg_dir MMU.COMMON 0x80000000++0xffffff MMU.ON MMU.SCAN
Then continue execution with command:
GO
MacRaigor OCDemon
TODO
